The aftermath of Anthropic’s dispute with the Department of Defense has left the company in an awkward position. It is both actively in use as part of the ongoing conflict between the U.S. and Iran and simultaneously decoupling from many of its clients in the defense industry.
Part of the confusion stems from overlapping and contradictory restrictions made by the U.S. government. President Trump directed civilian agencies to discontinue use of Anthropic products, but the company was given six months to wind down its operations with the Department of Defense. The next day, the U.S. and Israel launched a surprise attack on Tehran, entering a continued conflict before Trump’s directive could be fully executed.
The result is that, as the U.S. continues its aerial campaign against Iran, Anthropic models are being used for many targeting decisions. While Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth has pledged to designate the company as a supply-chain risk, no official steps have been taken to that end, so there are no legal barriers to using the system.
A recent article in The Washington Post unearthed new details on how Anthropic’s systems are being used in conjunction with Palantir’s Maven system. As Pentagon officials planned the strikes, the systems suggested hundreds of targets, issued precise location coordinates, and prioritized those targets according to importance. The article characterized the system’s function as real-time targeting and target prioritization.
At the same time, many companies involved in the defense industry have already replaced Anthropic models with competitors. Lockheed Martin and other defense contractors began swapping out the company’s models this week, according to a report. Many subcontractors are caught in a similar bind. A managing partner at J2 Ventures stated that ten of his portfolio companies have backed off from their use of Claude for defense use cases and are in active processes to replace the service with another one.
The biggest open question is whether Secretary Hegseth will make good on the supply-chain risk designation, which would likely result in a heated legal case. But in the meantime, one of the leading AI labs is quickly being partitioned out of military technology—even as it is being used in an active war zone.